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Terra-Preta biochar product recovered from wood chips and processed by “3R” high temperature pyrolysis process. (ID: 1571)

Input material

wood chips

Nutrient content info

Nutrient Content (N-P₂O₅-K₂O %) of non-formulated Terra-Preta biochar: 1- 0.2 -0.5 TC:>80 %

Status

Prior to market introduction

Recommended crops

Fresh vegetables and strawberries, permanent crops (fruit trees), grapes, rice, tobacco.

Application dose

5-20 t/ha. The application rate for biochar depends on the specific soil type and crop management.

Type of farming

low input

organic

Keywords

wood biochar

Terra-preta

soil improver

total product safety

Product description

The term “Terra-Preta biochar” is a specific quality product with unique characters, which is processed by the “3R” Recycle-Recover-Reuse high temperature pyrolysis technology and formulations.

Terra Preta biochar product is plant biomass by-product based stabile carboniferous substance that is processed under true value reductive3R thermal conditions. Wood biochar is used for soil improver, usually between 5 t/ha and 20 t/ha to reach any soil improver effect and eco-safe carbon negative applications. Terra-Preta biochars are highly suitable for soil improver that is mainly based on high dose effects with high water retention capacity. This is very important as many plant crops are very sensitive to abiotic stress as too hot and dry weather, which climate change is already a reality of today.

This wood-based Terra-Preta biochar could be formulated to BIO-NPK-C in any compounds as of user/market demands for both organic and low input farming application cases. The product is a fully safe and innovative soil improver with primarily application in the horticultural organic/low input farming cultivations with combined beneficial and multiple effects. The 3R (Recycle--Reuse- Reduce) zero emission pyrolysis process is EU Authority permitted. One of the properties of wood biochar is its high specific surface area that is influenced by the nature of the organic material and the conditions in which it is produced. It is a product rich in micro and macro-pores, which increase the water retention capacity, allow the development of microorganisms and retain nutrients, releasing them gradually over time.

Basic information

Vendor:

Name: 3R-BioPhosphate Ltd.
Contact: Edward Someus
Vendor website

Country:

Hungary

Product main category:

Biochar and Bio-Phosphate

Product subcategory:

Biochar

Languages

Deutsch

Summary:

Terra-Preta-Biokohleprodukt, das aus Holzspänen gewonnen und im „3R“-Hochtemperatur-Pyrolyseverfahren verarbeitet wird.

Abstract:

Zusammenfassung:

Unterlagen:

Française

Summary:

Produit de biochar Terra-Preta récupéré à partir de copeaux de bois et traité par le procédé de pyrolyse à haute température "3R".

Abstract:

Sommaire:

Documents:

Español

Summary:

Terra-Preta biochar recuperado de astillas de madera y procesado mediante el proceso de pirólisis de alta temperatura "3R".

Abstract:

Resumen:

Documentos:

Italiano

Summary:

Biochar “Terra-Preta” ottenuto da cippato di legno mediante il processo di pirolisi ad alta temperatura “3R”

Abstract:

Sommario:

Documenti:

Nederlands

Summary:

Terra preta biochar van houtsnippers door “3R” hoge temperatuur pyrolyse

Abstract:

Samenvatting:

Documenten:

Polski

Summary:

Biowęgiel Terra-Preta odzyskany ze zrębków drzewnych i przetworzony w procesie pirolizy wysokotemperaturowej “3R”

Abstract:

Podsumowanie:

Dokumenty:

Magyar

Faaprítékból „3R” magas hőmérsékletű pirolízis-eljárással előállított Terra-Preta bioszén

Abstract:

Összefoglalás:

Dokumentumok:

Find out more

Practice Abstract:

Info sheet:

Info graphics:

Video:

Training material:

Other files:

Product mini survey (in all languages)

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (in all languages)

Are voluntarily biochar certificates recognized as permits for commercial use of biochar?

No voluntarily biochar certificates does not have any legal or technical right for commercial use of biochar.

ID 1571: Is Hydrothermal carbonised (HTC) material is biochar?

No, hydrochar when char is made by hydrothermal carbonisation is not a biochar. HTC is an LABILE CARBON (or leachable C) solution, that is a pre-treatment process of wet biomass, for energetic applications aiming to improve the quality of solid fuel compared to raw biomass. Torrefaction and HTC hydrothermal carbonisation<280°C (depolymerisation): the material core temperature is in the range of 180°C to 280°C and there is a partial pyrolysis decomposition reaction in the material during this stage, most importantly removal of chemically bounded water. „Hydrothermal char decomposes rapidly (50% in 100 days regardless of soil type) and can stimulate emissions of GHG”. In this context chars produced by slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization vary in carbon sequestration potential and greenhouse gases emissions (Soil Biology & Biochemistry 62 (2013) 137e146). HTC is not applicable for industrial pyrolysis processing that is resulting safe carbonized SOLID CARBON biochar products for stabile carbon soil agri applications. HTC is not biochar and as labile carbon the C degradation is usually rapidly decomposing in soil with approx. 1.5 years to 7.4 years C loss half life and converted into GHG CO2 gases, while improving the N2O emissions as well.

ID 1571: Is poulty manure optional input for biochar?

This is a possible feed, but not optimal. Poultry manure may contain high Zn/Cu, that may be over high concentrated in the char, while the thermal processing is destroying valuable organics in the manure, that are otherwise providing higher economical value in the composted manure as it is with no treatment than the char products after processing. Poultry manure itself is very low nutrient dense material (<5% P2O5) with low economical interest for the users, as the extra cost for processing is not reflected in the nutrient density value. Poultry manure is fine grain sized and that powder like material is challenging to further formulate and apply in practice under full industrial conditions. Application dose rates are high, such as 10 t/ha. However, it is to be remarked, that processing also means total sterilization of this material that is a plus environmental safety value for poultry manure case.

ID1571 and ID192: Why needed REACH certification for biochar products? Biochar is considered as natural material, than why REACH needed?

All thermal processed materials are chemically modified substances which mandatory must have REACH certification above 1 t/y capacity manufacturing, import and/or placing on the market (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals). Biochar is a chemically modified substance, therefore REACH regulation is mandatory to be applied. REACH is a regulation of the European Union, adopted to improve the protection of human health and the environment from the risks that can be posed by chemicals, while enhancing the competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry. It also promotes alternative methods for the hazard assessment of substances in order to reduce the number of tests on animals. In principle, REACH applies to all chemical substances. If the risks cannot be managed, authorities can restrict the use of substances in different ways.

ID1571: Does plant based biochar containing sufficient nutrients?

No, plant based biochar is carbon based and does not containing economically interesting nutrient content. This is for soil improver.

ID1571: How can the EU biochar products be characterized?

mandatory EU and MS Government Authority permits for import, manufacturing, placing on the market and application above 1 t/year capacity,
REACH certified above 1 t/year capacity import, manufacturing, placing on the market and application,
labelled and full value chain safe product,
having Extended Producer Responsibly product guarantees,
the input material made from is sustainable sourced, e.g. not competing with human food, animal feed and plant nutrition supply, not from primarily and secondarily land use and having environmentally sustainable logistics, while meets the EU Circular Economy incentive relevant sections.

ID1571: Is biochar a new product?

No biochar is not a new product. In modern age since 1870, the time of the technology revolution, many carbon processing technologies and many different types of carbon products developed, produced and applied in large industrial scale, especially related to the WWI, WWII and past decades of activated carbon operations. The carbon processing technologies and carbon products are the most extensively scientific/technical researched and technological developed past 150 years. Majority of the carbon processing technologies and carbon products developed for energetic and activated carbon adsorbent applications. Some of them have been successful, others are not. However, the new environmental and climate challenges of the 21st century require to develop new generation innovative biochar processing technologies towards zero emission performance, and new products with new applications. Due to the new environmental improvements and strict regulations, new technologies and methods need to be developed.

ID1571: Is flash pyrolysis the best option for production of high quality biochar product?

No, flash pyrolysis is developed, designed and applied for powdered fine ground biomass feed material processing that is objective driven for bio-energy production where majority of the feedstock is converted into oil (high liquid gas/oil yield and low solid carbon yield, where the carbon quality differently accounts as this is an energetic carbon vs into soil).

ID1571: Is flash pyrolysis the best option for production of high quality biochar product?

ID1571: What about the organic pollutants at biochar production: PAHs PCBS and PCDD/F?

The biochar product quality, environmental/human safety is most importantly and critically depending on the pyrolysis industrial technology performance quality level. The advanced reductive heat treatment systems are the basis for safe biochar products, whereas the key process and product quality indicator is the presence of the PAHs that is a fingerprint of the technology and product quality.

The occurrence of PAHs in primarily derive from obsolete, low grade and inefficient pyrolysis technology design and processing condition, but in the plant based cases also from contaminated and/or improper selected feed stocks as well.

PAH19s can be considered as the key organic pollutants and key indicator for all types of biochar product quality. There are several type of PAHs depending on the number of connecting benzene rings. To get information about specific PAHs represented in biochar, not only 16 priority PAHs (based on US EPA) were measured but the 19 most common components, that modern PAH19 measurement system is mandatory in several EU member States since 2006, often with limit PAH19 as low as 1 mg/kg.

Notice: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714241/ The 16 EPA PAHs have played an exceptionally large role above all in environmental and analytical sciences in the last 40 years, but now there are good reasons to question their utility in many circumstances even though their use is so established and comfortable. The list of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1976 (1) with a view to use chemical analysis for assessing risks to human health from drinking water, has gained a tremendous role as a standardized set of compounds to be analyzed, quite especially in environmental studies. Although not mandated by law in most countries, it appears that the list has attained the authority of a legal document and that the 16 compounds (“priority PAHs”) are routinely investigated in a large number of environmental situations. In this context, environmental is seen in a broader context and thus includes topics like food, too.

PCB7 and PCDD/F are not target contaminations in biochar based products. In no any cases have Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCDFs been identified as target contamination as these compounds are predominantly formed at temperatures exceeding 1000°C while the the feed material streams having low chlorine content. Therefore, the risk of dioxins and furans contamination in biochar products is low.

ID1571: What about the organic pollutants at biochar production: PAHs PCBS and PCDD/F?

ID1571: What are the key definition factors to make high quality biochar products?

Primarily the biochar processing technology engineering design and performance quality is the prime definition factor to determine the output biochar product quality, safety and application value. Obsolete biochar processing technologies resulting low end carbon products, that are qualified for energetic carbons, but not for safe biochar for agri use. Secondarily the selected feed material characteristics are also important factors that are reflected in the output biochar product character.

ID1571: What are the main risks arising from using plant based biochar?

a) Contaminants: if the feedstock contains potentially toxic elements (in particular heavy metals) they will be retained during thermochemical conversion, hence will remain in the ash contained in the biochar. During conversion, organic compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be generated. Some PAHs, such as benzo(a)pyrene, are carcinogenic and their content in food substances is strictly regulated. Care must be taken in the feedstock selection and in the operation of the thermochemical conversion to ensure that the risks to the environment and human health are properly assessed and managed.

b) Damage to soils: Shifting large amounts of biochar onto fields could cause soil compaction, but the land-owner or tenant will limit this risk.

c) A possible ‘priming effect’: An accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter from the introduction of biochar has been observed, that is a significant environmental and climate risk.

d) Feedstock availability and-use impacts: It has been claimed by some environmental organisations that biochar would encourage plantations with deleterious environmental and social impacts.

ID1571: What are the potential benefits of biochar in soil?

Biochar addition to soils has been shown to improve crop yields. In more fertile soils, or in soils that receive high levels of external inputs, and are not liable to water-stress, the corresponding impacts of biochar on agronomic performance is modest.

ID1571: What is biochar?

Biochar is plant and/or animal bone biomass origin stabile carbon carboniferous pyrolysis material, that is reductive thermal treatment processed under at least 10 minutes between at least 400ºC and 850ºC material core final temperature. Biochar is Authority permitted/legally labelled product with soil functionality application driven character, such as solid organic fertilizer and/or organic soil improver and/or other product functional substances. There are three different feed material characters with specific treatment scenarios for safe biochar production:

Input materials (Point 1 of CMC14 Annex I.):
1. pyrolysis processed above 400ºC material core final temperature for at least 10 minutes residence time or
2. gasified above 750ºC material core temperature for at least 2 seconds residence time.
Input materials (Point 4 of CMC14 Annex I, manure):
1. pyrolysis processed above 500ºC material core final temperature for at least 10 minutes residence time or
2. gasified above 750ºC material core temperature for at least 2 seconds.
Input materials (Point 4 of CMC14 Annex I, except manure):
1. pyrolysis processed above 750ºC material core final temperature for at least 10 minutes or
2. gasified above 750ºC material core temperature for at least 2 seconds.

ID1571: What is not biochar?

having no specific and mandatory EU and MS Authority permits for import, manufacturing, placing on the market and application above 1 t/year capacity, and/or
having no specific and mandatory REACH ecotox certification above 1 t/year capacity import, manufacturing, placing on the market and application, and/or
having no labelled Extended Producer Responsibility certificate, and/or
the output product economical value and free market valorisation is not based on common market demands and commercialization process, e.g. product valorization may not be based on grants and subsidies, and/or
does not meet the quality to be irrevocably put into open ecological soil environment, and/or made from input feed material, that is not sustainable, and/or
made for renewable biofuel with energy functionalities (torrefraction, hydrothermal carbonization chars).

ID1571: What is the application dose for plant based biochar?

5 t/ha to 20 t/ha.

ID1571: What is the porosity of the biochar?

The surface area, particle volume, and porosity are important characteristics for all pyrolysis processed carbon materials. Solid materials interact with their environment at their surfaces. Solids with larger surface areas would therefore be subject to greater effects from outside influences, when compared with identical materials which have smaller exposed surface areas. The surface area of a solid varies as the square of its dimensions, whereas the volume of a solid varies as the cube of its dimensions.

Smaller particles having larger surface area than larger particles, but larger surface area above 300 m2/g means also high chemical activity, which might be advantageous at adsorbent use in water, but highly disadvantageous with negative effects for applications in living soil environment. The critically important character is the pore size and volume, as these area/volume relationships apply equally to pore size as they do to particle size. Only when particle sizes, surface areas, and pore/void measurements are available can truly meaningful comparisons between different samples of the same material be made. Depending of the pyrolysis technology performance and the feed material characteristics together, two samples with similar dimensions, but with differing porosities, may have dramatically different pore volumes and surface areas. Soil microbes prefer macrospores structures to have enough space, as their biological dimensions are larger than 2 nm. Porosity structures.

CHARACTER	Plant based	ABC
Micropores <2 nm	75 %	>1%
Mesopores 2-50 nm	22	2-5%
Macropores >50 nm	<3% (20-40 nm)	95 % (50-63,000 nm)
BET surface area m²/g	20-500	80-100

ID1571: Which legal and mandatory permits needed today for biochar products and application?

Mandatory Authority permit for establishment/building construction of industrial facility and operate it under valid EU regulations applied by the MS. Usually several Authorities involved.
Mandatory Authority permit to market, label and apply biochar products in agricultural soil under valid EU regulations applied by the MS. Beyond July 16, 2022 EU 2019/1009 FRP might be applied (if included in the ANNEX IN 2021).
Mandatory REACH certificate above 1 t/y capacity import, manufacturing, placing on the market and application.
Extended producer responsibility and liability schedule.

ID1571: Who are the typical users for plant based biochar?

The market for plant based biochar is generally as soil improver or growing media. Plant based biochar does not containing nutrients with economical importance, so this is not a fertilizer, but having combined effects in soil. Dose 5 t/ha to 20 t/ha, average 10 t/ha and no need to yearly application. Case by case application strategy to be build up and different formulation to be considered. EXW whole market prices are from €500/t or rather from €750/t, on end-user level >€1000/t.

ID192 and ID1571: How does REACH work?

REACH establishes procedures for collecting and assessing information on the properties and hazards of substances. Companies need to register their substances and to do this they need to work together with other companies who are registering the same substance. ECHA receives and evaluates individual registrations for their compliance, and the EU Member States evaluate selected substances to clarify initial concerns for human health or for the environment. Authorities and ECHA's (European Chemical Agency) scientific committees assess whether the risks of substances can be managed. Authorities can ban hazardous substances if their risks are unmanageable. They can also decide to restrict a use or make it subject to a prior authorisation.

ID192 and ID1571: What is the cost to make an REACH investigation for biochar to submit to the EU ECHA for certification?

Certify REACH for biochar for all categories (1-10 t/y, 10-100 t/y, 100-1000 t/y and above 1000 t/y) is a costly action with estimated cost €500,000 to €1 million and may take 1-2 years even more.

ID192 and ID1571: Who are affected by REACH?

Manufacturer: If you make chemicals, either to use yourself or to supply to other people (even if it is for export), then you will probably have some important responsibilities under REACH. Importer: If you buy anything from outside the EU/EEA, you are likely to have some responsibilities under REACH. It may be individual chemicals, mixtures for onwards sale or finished products, like clothes, furniture or plastic goods. Downstream users: Most companies use chemicals, sometimes even without realising it, therefore you need to check your obligations if you handle any chemicals in your industrial or professional activity. You might have some responsibilities under REACH. Companies established outside the EU: If you are a company established outside the EU, you are not bound by the obligations of REACH, even if you export their products into the customs territory of the European Union. The responsibility for fulfilling the requirements of REACH, such as registration lies with the importers established in the European Union, or with the only representative of a non-EU manufacturer established in the European Union.

ID192 and ID1571: Who issues permits for commercial use of biochar and Bio-Phosphate product?

Before July 15, 2022, MS national Authorities only, after July 16, 2022 national Authority permit or EU EC fertilizer permit can be selected.

ID1571: Az önkéntes bioszén -tanúsítványokat elismerik a bioszén kereskedelmi felhasználásának engedélyeiként?

Az önkéntes bioszén -tanúsítványoknak nincs jogi vagy technikai joga a bio -szén kereskedelmi célú felhasználására.

ID1571: Elegendő tápanyagot tartalmaz a növényi bioszén?

Nem, a növényi bioszén szén alapú, és nem tartalmaz gazdaságilag érdekes tápanyagtartalmat. Ez talajjavító.

ID1571: Mekkora az alkalmazási dózis a növényi bioszénre?

5 t/ha -tól 20 t/ha -ig.

ID1571: Melyek a növényi bioszén használatából eredő fő kockázatok?

a) Szennyező anyagok: ha az alapanyag potenciálisan toxikus elemeket (különösen nehézfémeket) tartalmaz, akkor a termokémiai átalakítás során azok megmaradnak, így a bioszénben lévő hamuban is jelen lesznek. Az átalakítás során policiklusos aromás szénhidrogéneknek (PAH) nevezett szerves vegyületek keletkezhetnek. Egyes PAH vegyületek, mint például a benzo (a) pirén, rákkeltő hatásúak, és az élelmiszerekben lévő anyagokat szigorúan szabályozzák. Gondoskodni kell az alapanyagok kiválasztásáról és a termokémiai átalakítás megfelelő működéséről annak biztosítása érdekében, hogy a környezetre és az emberi egészségre vonatkozó kockázatokat megfelelően felmérjék és kezeljék.

b) A talaj károsodása: Nagy mennyiségű bioszén talajra történő kijuttatása talajtömörödést okozhat.

c) Lehetséges „alapozó hatás”: Megfigyelték a talaj szerves anyagainak gyorsabb bomlását a bioszén talajba juttatása következtében, ami jelentős környezeti és éghajlati kockázatot jelent.

d) A nyersanyagok rendelkezésre állásának és felhasználásának hatásai: Egyes környezetvédelmi szervezetek azt állítoják, hogy a bioszén céljára létrehozott ültetvények káros környezeti és társadalmi hatással járnak.

ID1571: Milyen előnyökkel járhat a bioszén alkalmazása a talajban?

Bebizonyosodott, hogy a bioszén hozzáadása a talajhoz javítja a terméshozamot. Termékenyebb talajokban, vagy olyan talajokban, amelyek nagy mennyiségűtápanyagot kapnak, és nem hajlamosak vízstresszre, a bioszén agronómiai teljesítményre gyakorolt hatásai szerények.

ID192 és ID1571: Ki ad ki engedélyeket a bioszén és a Bio-Foszfát termékek kereskedelmi használatra?

2022. július 15 -e előtt csak a tagállamok nemzeti hatóságai, 2022. július 16 -a után a nemzeti hatóság engedélye vagy az EU EK termésnövelő -engedélye szükséges.

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Terra-Preta biochar product recovered from wood chips and processed by “3R” high temperature pyrolysis process. (ID: 1571)

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